Rzeppa cv joint sizes Jump to Latest 61 - 80 of 82 Posts. Sizes available: - outer diameter 94 mm / size 10 / centre distance 78 mm / number of mounting holes 6 / mounting hole diameter 8 mm / thickness 32 mm / plunge movement about 6 mm / number of splines 33 / standard joint, Ford mount The included low-friction grease is engineered specifically for the high RPM needs of the JK Rzeppa CV joint and features high-viscosity surface bonding characteristics necessary to properly adhere the grease to all moving surfaces. Remove supports and lower the vehicle to the ground. This Teraflex Rzeppa High-Angle Factory Replacement CV Joint Kit is precision-machined using high-grade materials to provide the off-road toughness and performance. Sizes available: - outer diameter 94 mm / size 10 / c The automotive constant velocity (CV) joint market size crossed USD 3. Which Teraflex Rzeppa High Angle CV Joint Jump to Latest 48K views 81 replies 27 participants last post by j3ff3ry_j33p Nov 2, 2016 Market Scenario . The included low-friction grease is engineered Because of their simple and compact design, homokinetic ball joints have a widespread use in automotive and as industrial components. teraflex. This style of joint is not made for severe angles and will not hold up over the long run as well as a 1310 double cardan style of shaft. Technician A says that increasing the size of both shims an equal amount will result in a reduction in carrier bearing preload. Various types of CV joints are used, but most outer joints are a Rzeppa design with six balls that ride in races between the inner and outer joint housing. This is a custom CV (Rzeppa) joint. 206” housing depth 1. Furthermore, this joint is high-angle-capable, minimizing damage to the boot that’s common to vehicles lifted 3 or more inches, like your Wrangler JK might be. The high-angle CV housing reduces boot failure common with 3 inch or more lift heights. Rzeppa-style CV joints can be disassembled by tilting the inner race to one side and inserting a dowel or similar 2. The high-angle CV housing reduces boot failure associated with 3" or more lift. 520 Rzeppa 361-80B 100mm 25T 1. A Rzeppa joint, also known as a Rzeppa constant velocity (CV) joint, is a type of mechanical joint that is used to transmit torque and rotational motion between two shafts that are at an angle to each other. The inner race (driving member) is splined to the inner axle shaft. Learn about the GrabCAD Platform. 409 Downloads The figure shows that the Rzeppa joint life is mainly determined by calculated maximum contact pressure exerted on the ball groove, irrespective of joint size and applied speed. the transmission of force from one shaft to another. Most small- and mid-size cars are FWD, and all import minivans have FWD. 271. Due to recent needs of fuel efficiency and lig Some Toyotas are made with two types of FWD CV axles, Saginaw or Toyota style. This is an older thread, you may not receive a response, and could be reviving an old thread. The CV joint is the flexible coupling that . Tire size max: Includes Shocks: Installation Time: 1 I sure would like to see a shaft vendor adapt the stock Rzeppa joints to a more robust tube. Allows angles up to 15 degrees. It is determined from these analyses that Rzeppa joint is a better option for general monorail drive train systems. The included low-friction grease is engineered A driveshaft with Rzeppa CV-Joints. Use with GKN grease. 065 0. Starting from a conveniently simplified 3D model, at fixed joint angle of 45°, a CV-joint made of all “generic steel” components has been studied. A CV axle has two CV joints an inner joint and an outer joint. A market leader in CV Joint Systems, all-wheel drive and electric mobility, our technologies feature in everything from the smallest ultra low-cost car to the most sophisticated and dynamic Some of the most popular CV joint sizes available are listed on the right hand side. Precision-Machined Steel. The zepa joint prioritizes articulation, ideal for outer shafts, while the tripod joint offers greater axial In most applications, the inboard CV Joint is a plunge joint that allows the effective length of the sideshaft to change due to suspension travel. Title: PM473_TrakMotive - NAPA ATV_CV Joints_v2 A cross type universal joint is not a constant velocity joint. Includes Low-Friction Grease. CV Joint Housing: Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 930; Outer Diameter: 90 mm: 100 mm: 90 mm: Commonly referred to as the 934 CV joint, the GKN series 21 is a staple in offroad racing. I got a Terraflex Hi-angle Rzeppa from a forum sponsor/supporter and watched a YouTube video. Anyone tried this? The Rzeppa joint design is way better than a conventional u-joint or double cardan. Align the cork gasket with the bolts and the recessed groove. The resulting Countertrack joint can be considered a significant technological advancement compared to the Rzeppa joint. Starting from a conveniently simpli ed 3D model, at xed joint angle of 45 , a CV-joint made of all \generic steel" components has been studied. Everything is driven by the ball size (D1@ Sketch2). 1. Transmission rebuilders probably have a half dozen different Constant-velocity joint_Rzeppa thingiverse. Heavy components should be handled carefully. The double cardan joint, found in four-wheel drive and all High Speed CV CV Joints, Splined Stubs, Boot Kits & Crimping Fixtures. In the dynamic world of the automotive industry, the constant velocity (CV) joint stands as a pivotal component, underpinning the GKN lightweight CV (Rzeppa) joint "GOLD" CV joint comprising 6 bearings, better heat evacuation, less loss of traction and power, 20% lighter than the standard GKN version. The Teraflex upgrade reduces or eliminates this problem so for many applications they are a good solution. Installation Instructions. The included low-friction grease is engineered specifically for The TeraFlex JK: Rzeppa High-Angle Factory Replacement CV Joint Kit replaces a worn or damaged factory Rzeppa CV joint and driveshaft without resorting to an aftermarket U-joint upgrade. Install the snap ring onto the shaft. Get to know GrabCAD as an open software platform for Additive Manufacturing This is a custom CV (Rzeppa) joint. These sockets come in 17mm, 19mm, 21mm and other unique sizes. If the part you need is not listed please contact one of the GKN The TeraFlex JK/JKU Rzeppa High-Angle Factory Replacement CV Joint Kit replaces worn or damaged factory Rzeppa CV joint and driveshaft without resorting to an expensive aftermarket U-joint upgrade. This Teraflex Rzeppa High-Angle Factory Replacement CV Joint Kit is How To Select CV Joints 16-17 Bell Joint Family 18 -19 Specifications 20-21 Engineering Information 22 Typical Applications 23 . 16 Apply any remaining grease onto the joint and install the cap. Notice: The data contained in this catalog has been thoroughly checked for accuracy, however we 361-80 100mm 25T 0. Construction and Appearance. 1 hour install time. B. There are certain similarities, for example, with the Rzeppa CV joints, which were invented by Alfred Rzeppa in 1926 and rely on free-running balls in a cage. I think either is as good as the other if there used right. Consult CON-VEL Installation and Maintenance Bulletin . 1 million by 2032 at a CAGR of 10. r/PrintedCircuitBoard **Official Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Subreddit** - schematic capture / PCB layout :ò ž ىēnÒzc¢b ¸¥ tzv ;sd> Sþõý1l ×›á¦Nž‰€u h & þ ³ "¿~ ãïÇA u]Óì L–jôÒ+“ËÐe æê IÖçNϼ“ ˇWêF“þ( MFÝ8 M'ÑÙ¸ß ¦ãA4˜N»q4 L£QÐ[Ö4ª†|. Study with Quizlet and memorise flashcards containing terms like Define the purpose of a CV joint. Sizes available: - outer diameter 94 mm / size 10 / centre distance 78 mm / number of mounting holes 6 / mounting hole The three CV joint styles most popular in modern vehicles are Rzeppa, tripod, and double Cardan joints. The outer race is usually integrated in the output shaft or flange, while the inner race GKN standard CV (Rzeppa) joint High quality CV joint composed of 6 balls with better heat removal, motivity and power. com 3 Revision A 999214 1 2 5 3 4 Axle Yoke Remove the driveline. Based on joint, the market is categorized into Rzeppa joint, tripod joint, double-offset joint, cross groove joint and others. The result is that a tripod joint of the same size as a Rzeppa joint is stronger or a tripod The flared CV housing reduces boot failure associated with 3” or more lift. 61 - 80 of 82 Posts. Figure 6 shows the relation between TeraFlex JL/JT Factory Replacement CV Joint Kit – High-Angle Rzeppa in CV (Constant Velocity). This is the Type 172, a fixed model. The joint itself is stronger than a 1310 joint ***if it is pointing straight or at minimal angle***. 051” spline length 1. Rzeppa joints are made in two styles, sizes ranging from 1 in. D. The "official" tool is VW161A. Each groove guides one ball . The included low-friction grease is engineered specifically for the high RPM needs of the JK Rzeppa CV Joint and features high-viscosity surface bonding This paper describes the con- tact and kinematic analysis of an Rzeppa type constant-velocity joint (CV-joint). 2 Material In real CV-joints, each component has its specific material (high-performance steels) and heat treatment, generally: • induction hardening for After a discussion on basic kinematics and mechanics of Rzeppa type ball joints, the paper focuses on some design solutions provided by the patent literature. joints are manufactured to meet the design Constant Velocity Joints are ideally suited for applications where unequal joint angles are GKN standard CV (Rzeppa) joint High quality CV joint composed of 6 balls with better heat removal, motivity and power. , Describe the difference between fixed and plunging CV joints. +Each meticulously crafted There are also various predecessors for comparable tasks – i. Go. 596” bolt size M8x1. "A Rzeppa joint (invented by Alfred H. The joint itself was actually fine, but the snap ring inside the joint failed, and the shaft pulled out at the t-case end. The “Rzeppa” outer CV joint is the Rzeppa joints allow for high misalignment and are very strong, but in low power applications they can be heavier and larger than an equivalent tripod joint if you’re choosing from the commercially available sizes. The TeraFlex JK: Rzeppa High-Angle Factory Replacement CV Joint Kit replaces a worn or damaged factory Rzeppa CV joint and driveshaft without resorting to an expensive aftermarket U-joint upgrade. This paper describes the contact and kinematic analysis of an Rzeppa type constant-velocity joint (CV-joint). Rotating Torque all CV flange bolts to 15 ft-lbs (20 Nm). This paper describes the con-tact and kinematic analysis of an Rzeppa type constant-velocity joint (CV-joint). Please Note: These specs are for reference only. option between the two. 5-8). Keywords: Rzeppa joint, Cardan joint, Monorail train, CV joint, Non-CV joint INTRODUCTION Non-Constant Velocity (NCV) joint such as Rzeppa CV Joint Dust Boots Splines Axle Nut NAPACVA122021 855. 3 TRIPOD CONSTANT VELOCITY JOINT The tripod is a plunge joint that allows the length of the CV shaft to change slightly as you drive over dips and bumps. Sizes available: - outer diameter 94 mm / size 10 / centre distance 78 mm / number of mounting holes 6 / mounting hole diameter 8 mm / thickness 32 mm / plunge movement about 6 mm / number of splines 33 / standard joint, Ford mount The Adventra rear CV joints use a Rzeppa joint. ×q4 †Q¿ˆ£a7Ž†A Xg–cV‡Z#!½µ´öÞq%« ôÞ 7ªg ÛqìÝOéü­½ì6q4âÐŒ{h „ÇØYñK%+“'ÛØ ®TR«uUþf§æš?X•tz´ Ì ŠYíìL•·_RÀÓ¼:¡ kE "ÿ‹euË7 GO Driveshaft with CV-joints 3D model cgtrader. CV Are the rzeppa CV joints better than the U joints found on Adams or Woods front drive shafts? Save Share Reply Quote Like. 906 0. In order to maximize the CV Joint’s lifespan, Teraflex engineered a special grease to lubricate it If you have replaced your drivelines with aftermarket U-Joint driveshafts, these yokes will be required to mate the 5 959110 Rzeppa CV Yoke Transfer Case Front/Rear 1 3 2. Rzeppa joints provide effective articulation up to 47°, but at higher installation angles its sphere forces can generate heat, significantly reducing the joint’s efficiency GKN standard CV (Rzeppa) joint High quality CV joint composed of 6 balls with better heat removal, motivity and power. Joined Jun 27, 2011 · 769 Posts #54 My suzuki, like toyota's have Tripod inner CV joints and Rzeppa outer joints. The high-angle CV housing reduces boot failure common with 3” or more lift heights. Rzeppa joints are used regularly in vehicles. Rzeppa joints GKN standard CV (Rzeppa) joint High quality CV joint composed of 6 balls with better heat removal, motivity and power. In front (or steer) axle applications, the outboard joint must transfer torque effectively GKN standard CV (Rzeppa) joint High quality CV joint composed of 6 balls with better heat removal, motivity and power. com NAPA New Premium ATV-UTV C. 5 80 19-5028 17 65. Inner joints have those fine needle bearings and I've read all around the web that Moly grease should be avoided at all cost on this type of bearings The TeraFlex JK: Rzeppa High-Angle Factory Replacement CV Joint Kit replaces a worn or damaged factory Rzeppa CV joint and driveshaft without resorting to an expensive aftermarket U-joint upgrade. +All meshes are subdividable. What’s more, most of the full-size and crossover 4WD SUVs have halfshafts with CV joints front and rear, as do most of the all-wheel drive (AWD) cars. Features & Benefits • Fig -2: Rzeppa CV joint 2. General Warnings . Fortunately, the Teraflex Rzeppa High-Angle Factory Replacement CV Joint Kit lets you replace the joint, hassle-free. 390 Cross Groove 361-80D 100mm 25T 0. Due to that it has chances to shifting the assembly inner ward. the other side of the bearings is held by an inner race that is attached to either end of an axle shaft. The Rzeppa CV joint is commonly found in front-wheel drive vehicles and is known for its spherical inner race design with six ball bearings for power transmission. 0. If anyone else has this same problem it's an easy fix with common tools. I had one, and it didn't last long. nominal shaft diameters. For the same A Rzeppa CV joint consists of a star-shaped inner race, several ball bearings, bearing cage, outer race or housing, and a rubber boot (fig. As well as on the time of turning of vehicle, the assembly experiences an inner ward force. The main purpose of this work is the deduction of mechanical e ciency at a preliminary stage Slide the boot clamp over the shaft and install the joint. This is an Rzeppa style constant velocity joint with balls and a cage. 5. A dynamic model of a Cardan joint to evaluate the effect of elasticity and manufacturing errors. The only thing I might add is that you should be sure to have a couple long 3/8" drive extensions Volkswagen started using Rzeppa type CV joints in 1968. multiple large ball bearings. 5 84 19-5023 18 60 72 19-5011 18 62 80 19-5014 18 64 97 19-5002 18 65 100 19 Quick googling told me Rzeppa joint is a type of cv joint and there are other types. Most Rzeppa joints average between 45-48 degrees of articulation, but some claim even greater degrees of flex. Talking to a shop, they claimed that it's common because Jeep uses a custom sized snap ring there, but Teraflex replaces it with an off the shelf size which is close, but not actually correct. 297” bolt circle 3. free. The nice thing about this Kit is that it uses your existing drive shaft, the Kit replaces the Rzeppa joint only. Talking to a shop, they claimed that it's common because Jeep uses a custom sized snap ring there, but Teraflex replaces it with an off the shelf size which is close, but not actually I am designing a spool differential for the car and am considering the cv joints to connect the diff to the half-shafts and the half-shafts to the rear wheels. 7% from 2024 to 2032, driven by rising global vehicle production and sales. 1 4 of 5 Go to page. Reply reply Top 1% Rank by size . Search of post on the forum pointed towards this CV joint and they were right on. Axle is the Best Replacement to Ensure Proper Fitment and Long Lasting Performance. H. Instructions. 655 1. 5 billion in 2023 and is projected to exhibit a CAGR of 2. Sizes available: - outer diameter 94 mm / size 10 / centre distance 78 mm / number of mounting holes 6 / mounting hole diameter 8 mm / thickness 32 mm / plunge movement about 6 mm / number of splines 33 / standard joint, Ford mount The Rzeppa CV joint by Nutzdatenbegleiter / CC BY-SA 3. The input shaft fitted in the centre of a large, steel, star-shaped gear that nest inside a circular cage. Use an inch-pound torque wrench and check Now you can replace that worn out or damaged Rzeppa CV Joint on your 2007-2018 Jeep Wrangler JK with the Mammoth Rzeppa CV Joint Kit. As far as I understand it CV joints are stronger, able to tolerate a much higher operating angle, and are less prone to vibration than conventional u-joints of an equivalent size, basically superior in all ways except for the potential for boot failure. fit the M5 nuts into their slots, fornt wheel drive uses them cos of the crazy angles and rates they produce. everything is driven by the ball size (d1@ sketch2). The cap will seat fully as you install the joint into the yoke. Alfred H. 5 60 89 19-5016 18 57. 5 84 19-5004 17 58 78 19-5001 17 59 86 19-5008 17 60 81 19-5030 17 62. However, Cardan joint may be adequate if the joint angle is very small. Rzeppa in 1926) consists of a spherical inner shell with 6 grooves in it and a similar enveloping outer shell. #html-body [data-pb-style=P2FM8S6]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll}he TeraFlex JL/JT: Factory Replacement Rzeppa CV Joint Kit replaces a worn or damaged factory Rzeppa CV joint without resorting to an expensive Dorman actually has fairly decent technical data on the CV joints including; spline count 26 spline diameter 1. The input shaft fits in the centre of a large, Rockford’s NEW “FULLY LOADED” C. Apply any remaining grease onto the joint and install the cap. More posts you may like r/PrintedCircuitBoard. The kit features a flared CV housing to prevent boot failure, especially when Abstract: Ball joints are widely used in many applications. It’s designed to provide long-lasting service. Share. and others. 5 The TF rzeppa joint solves the DC vs rzeppa issue. The bell type, or high-angle joint, is capable of 37i degrees angular displacement, and the disc type, or low-angle joint, is designed for 15 degrees displacement. The power density has been increased by more than 15%, while at the same time friction losses have been reduced by more than 30%. for proper disassembly and assembly procedures. If the input/ output angle are good then uni's are fine- the only problem is that the speed of the shaft between the uni joints is acceleration/ deccelerating four times per revolution and can make weird resonances. www. Additionally this joint is high-angle-capable, minimizing damage to the boot that is a common When a Rzeppa CV joint is modified to become a plunging joint by making the grooves in the inner race longer, it is called a _____. Length 19-5007 16 56 70 19-5029 16 60 80 19-5012 16 60 85 19-5019 16 60 98 19-5013 17 54. Apply thread locker and torque the front u-joint flange bolts to 81 ft-lbs (110 Nm). In fact, they are considered to be the original CV joints because they were invented way back in 1920. +All intricately detailed mesh models can be effortlessly subdivided for increased visual complexity. The deduction of the mechanical efficiency of this joint is not Ball joints are widely used in many applications. , Explain why CV joints are preferred over conventional universal joints. 2-Rzeppa Joint A Rzeppa joint consists of a spherical inner shell with 6 grooves in it and a similar persistent outer shell. 0 million in 2023 and is projected to surpass the market size of US$ 10,529. Rzeppa joints Fig. Rzeppa Joints. V. Biginboca · Registered. Join the GrabCAD Community today to gain access and download! opposed track CV joint was developed as the alternative to the Rzeppa joint. Be sure the seal surface is clean of grease. 999215 Rzeppa Factory Replacement CV Joint ; Installation Video. Rzeppa was the engineer who invented the CV joints transfer power without speed fluctuation and adjust to various angles for steering and suspension movements. The Rzeppa type constant velocity joint (CVJ) is usually selected as the wheel side joint of a drive shaft for front wheel drive automobiles. 2% during the forecast period 2024–2032. Looks like Tatton has something similar on Ebay. joint. They've used the same tool for those Rzeppa joint clips since then. But as we know tripod CV joint allows Torque all CV flange bolts to 15 ft-lbs (20 Nm). Figure 4: Geometry of simplified Rzeppa CV-joint in COMSOL Multiphysics 3. Save. I know the two types of CV joints commonly used are tripod and Rzeppa (a spherical inner shell with 6 grooves in it and a similar enveloping outer shell) I think tripods are typically For decades the standard solution for fixed CV joints has been the Rzeppa CV joint, proven concept that uses balls to transfer the torque between ball races. Width, OD, bolt pattern, cage diameter, and axle shaft hole are all to scale but non critical features are eyeballed. These joints consist of four parts: the outer race, six balls with a cage around them and the inner race. Global Automotive Constant Velocity Joint Market was valued at US$ 4,429. Torque all CV flange bolts to 15 ft-lbs (20 Nm). double-offset CV joint. to 2i ins. Driveshafts are composed of a transmission side joint, wheel side joint, and shaft which connect the two joints. If dropped they can cause serious bodily injury. It is commonly used in drivetrains, such as those found in automobiles and other vehicles, to transfer power from the engine to the wheels The TeraFlex JK: Rzeppa High-Angle Factory Replacement CV Joint Kit replaces a worn or damaged factory Rzeppa CV joint and driveshaft without resorting to an aftermarket U-joint upgrade. Install the snap ring onto the shaft. Rzeppa was based on circular shaped ball tracks, according to Wagner [1], the first patents with cross groove universal joints are due to Faure [2], [3] and Mazziotti and Sharp [4] in the United This paper deals with the analysis of the mechanical efficiency of the Rzeppa transmission joint through an analytical approach. Sizes available: - outer diameter 94 mm / size 10 / centre distance 78 mm / number of mounting holes 6 / mounting hole A Rzeppa CV joint consists of a star-shaped inner race, several ball bearings, bearing cage, Types of CV Joints #1 – Rzeppa CV Joint. Although the initial design by A. The “joint” of a CV joint is made up of a few components, including an outside cage. Show more Download files Like. Each groove guides one ball. These are a very The GrabCAD Library offers millions of free CAD designs, CAD files, and 3D models. 25 housing OD 4. The The TeraFlex JK Rzeppa High-Angle factory replacement CV joint kit replaces worn or damaged factory Rzeppa CV joint and driveshaft without resorting to an expensive aftermarket U-joint upgrade. e. 950 0. Working at the extreme angles with an axle that is drooping puts rzeppa style joints in a serious bind. The larger the angle, the greater the cyclic vibrations. 430 Cross Groove analytical modeling an Rzeppa CVJ for the estimate of static forces and mechanical e ciency. CV Body I. The outer race (driven member) is a spherical housing that is an integral part of the outer shaft; the balls and ball cage are The Teraflex Factory Replacement CV Joint Kit is designed to replace only the damaged or worn high-angle Rzeppa CV joint in your Jeep’s drive shaft. In these types of joint as you rotate them the resistance to rotation increases and decreases in relation to the rotation and angle of the joint. 3) Rzeppa Joints. Save Share Reply Quote Like. 520 Rzeppa 362-80 95mm 24T 1. In this instance, Rzeppa joint life is shorter than that resulting from rolling fatigue test of the same material. Rzeppa CV Jointrzeppa cv joint grabcad designed by yash darji grabcad. It accommodates angles up to 15 degrees, making it ideal for vehicles with moderate lift. Common VW Off Road CV Joint Specs: CV Joint Specs for CV's commonly used in off-road VW's, baja bugs, and dune buggy applications. A CV joint goes at a constant speed as it rotates. 394” Using this information I was able to confirm that no other CV joints that dorman offers appear to be a match spline count or bolt size and circle. Here's a quick tech tip on how to assemble or reassemble a CV Joint. Without constant-velocity joints, the axle Teraflex Rzeppa High Angle CV Joint. A universal joint goes fast,slow,fast,slow,fast,slow as it rotates. Apr 23, 2020 — Wear in a Rzeppa CV joint typically occurs on the cage, gear and cup. grabcad. Feb 7, 2021 — cv joint sizes. Both types are arranged for a heavy oil lubricant and are equipped with oiltight Ball-type joints feature a cross groove or double-offset style. Measurements can vary depending by manufacturer and production batch. Reply reply bronzeblood1 • Yes better, more efficient types exist. 9944 • Tech: Ex-1 • Order: Ex-2 napacvaxles. . Depending on the application, CV joints can handle joint angles of up to 47 to 54 degrees with no such vibrations. Hi I made a copy of the standard speed joint with the openscad program, the hub drilling tool requires a 2MM drill and a 5mm smaller hole first, then the bigger ones, remember the guide pin, just drill your finger. JKs weak point is the sheet metal rear shaft, and of course the front angle at the t-case. A specially engineered driveshaft is integrated with precision-crafted Rzeppa CV-Joints. Starting from a conveniently simplied Expand. 5 94 19-5027 17. The tripod joint is the most popular type of plunge joint. Each type of axle has an outer Rzeppa CV joint and an inner tripod joint, but Toyota says for Toyota style axles use their black CV grease for the outer joint and their yellow grease for the inner, while for the Saginaw axles they recommend green grease for both the inner and outer joints. In particular a short patent review CV Boot Size Chart Part No Shaft I. Out of all the CV joint styles, Rzeppa joints get the best articulation. dvmm vyhqlae ozo fgvvhod vuhmr rkddw hcrlp oyif vokpsyy vwmxzqh