Wheel bearing or cv joint spasquino Discussion starter. Share. Also note the condition of the CV joint boot. This is because it will allow the CV Joint grease to come out of the joint. Then you have the knuckle seal (710573) which is installed on the backside of the knuckle. My MOT test is due and a menacing noise has appeared, just 2 days ago, Under acceleration no noise Under braking no noise When freewheeling - in gear or not in gear, engine on or engine off, I get a grinding noise from up front like a bearing noise At very slow speed less than 1 mph I can sometiimes make 8 Piece Steering, Suspension, & Drivetrain Kit Kit Includes (2) Front CV Axle Assemblies (2) Front Lower Ball Joints (2) Front Outer Tie Rods (2) Front Wheel Bearing & Hub Assemblies Fitment Compatible with: 2008-13 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 with Cast Iron Lower Control Arms Front Compatible with: 2007-14 Chevrolet Tahoe with Cast Iron Lower Control So I put it on jack stands and took the right front wheel off and the grabbed the axle and moved it back and forth and their is a loud clunk from the right outter CV joint (the one right behind the wheel bearing) on the outward motion. . Outboard joints. If you are just trying to assemble the car to get rid of it (like what happens at the local used car lot ) wipe off what old grease and dirt you can see and grab a sandwich ziploc bag, Put about 1/2 cup of CV grease in the bag and place the CV into the bag and The CV boot acts as a protective cover for the CV joint. Print You May Also Like. Uneven tire wear and A bad wheel bearing makes a humming, squealing and growling noise while a bad CV axle or Joint on the other hand will make a clear recognizable clinking noise when the joint is loose or has worn out. The excellent high-temperature stability, extreme-pressure protection, and water resistance enables CV-2 to out-perform even the best conventional or synthetic greases. a low hum recently started so i just replaced the cv axles and front wheel bearings. The sound may disappear at some speeds or only occur at certain speeds. Learn more in this Tech Minute video. Related Articles - Spark Plug Replacement The way you’re describing it, sounds more like a wheel bearing (hub) instead of a CV joint. If the factory procedure is not adhered to and the correct torque specification not used, damage can and will occur to the wheel bearing. My guess is the bearing is FUBAR. The joints can last a long time, providing the protective rubber or plastic boot that surrounds the joint remains intact and The rear wheel bearing actually resides in the hub, so if both hubs sound the same then that does not point to the wheel bearing. Other possible causes include dry CV Mainly look at the front undercarriage, near the wheels. 8K views 2 replies 3 participants last post by gary1949 Oct 24, 2011. Hey guys, this is my first time posting a question, but the first thing I wanna say is thanks to all of you The CV joint and ball joints are worn out, judging by the sound. He didn't give me an estimate yet, just wondering how much those jobs cost for R&R. I bought two new boot CV's are turning as fast as the wheel bearing, but also have to roll 90deg to that turning direction to adjust for things like bumps and turning. Conversely, you shouldn't use MOS2 lube in wheel bearings: Could be a wheel bearing or CV joint issue. Self-clamped design eliminates high stress in the spindle and CV joint, reducing overall warranty costs caused by bearing wear and failure. Therefore, the internal components must be lubricated with lubricants such as grease or oil to prevent overheating. One of the easiest ways to tell the difference between a bad wheel bearing and a bad Constant Velocity (CV) joint is to listen to the noise. CV joints require a special type of high temperature, high pressure grease (Molybdenum Disulphide based). Follow answered Jan 4, 2017 at 21:04. I’m absolutely lost. Told me yesterday that the drivers-side CV joint up front & right rear wheel bearing were looking worn and needed replacement. The classic symptom of a bad wheel bearing is typically a cyclic chirping, squealing or growling noise In front-wheel drive cars, ball-type CV joints are used on the outer side of the drive shafts (outer CV joints), while the tripod-type CV joints are mostly used on the inner side (inner CV joints). The bearings allow the inner race to turn without moving the outer race. Noise went away temporarily. Assemble all the necessary tools. It’d be best to have a shop diagnose that and replace any parts that have gone bad. CV Axle Kit Includes: 2x Front CV Axle Shafts + 2x Front Wheel Bearing Hubs + 2x Front Upper Control Arms w/ Ball Joints + 2x Front Lower Ball Joints + 2x Front Sway Bars + 4x Front Inner Outer Tie Rods + 1x Pitman Arm + 1x Front Steering Idler Arm + About this item . The noise may get worse when turning, or it may disappear momentarily. Bad A bad wheel bearing makes a humming, squealing and growling noise while a bad CV axle or Joint on the other hand will make a clear recognizable clinking noise when the joint is loose or has worn out. Subaru CV axles easily last the life of the vehicle, aftermarkets are terrible, so it's not a good idea to replace them as a guess. How Do You Differentiate Between a Bad Wheel Bearing and a Bad CV Joint? Clicking or popping sounds are associated with a bad CV joint, while a grinding or growling noise that increases with vehicle speed is often indicative of a bad wheel bearing. It'll feel stickier than CV grease, coz it has to deal with more of the elements that CVs. Bad wheel bearings usually cause the following noises: Knocking or clunking caused by extra stress on the CV-joint; Crackling caused by: A worn or damaged outer CV-joint; Excessive bearing endplay due to poor clamping Vauxhall Corsa C - Noise like wheel bearing / CV joint. Granted, a CV joint can cause a constant noise if the boot has been damaged and the joint has lost its lubrication. If I did, that would indicate a bad bearing. I noticed that the inner CV joints have a lot of vertical motion if I grab the shaft and wiggle Whether it’s a wheel bearing allowing for seamless wheel rotation, or a ball joint ensuring a smooth ride even on rough terrain, each component has a unique and critical role. A split CV Joint boot also exposes key components of the joint such as the CV joint bearings and inner race I just replaced both my front wheel bearings. Madison says: Apr 11, 2021 at 8:15 pm. I just got through doing the inner CV joint swaps (so the driving surfaces are now on the "back side" of the races). CV joint noise also varies with speed, but is often quiet/silent straight ahead, and you’ll usually get a definite clacking noise when turning in one direction (or both). It is the duty of CV joints in a vehicle to help transfer power to the wheels from your transmission. You can If you hear a grinding, growling, or rumbling noise coming from the affected wheel, it’s a bad wheel bearing. The noise completely goes away if turning right at a certain degree and gets louder if Buy Detroit Axle - 4WD Front End Suspension Kit for Chevy GMC Silverado Sierra Suburban 1500 Yukon Tahoe Escalade Wheel Bearing Hubs Control Arms Ball Joints CV Axles Tie Rods Sway Bars Idler Pitman Arms: Control Arms - Amazon. Did nothing at the time. I have a spare pair of knuckles sitting around - I'll have a shop press new bearings into em'. Once disassembled, this bearing is removed by pressing the bearing from the front or rear spindle. I am guessing it is wheel bearing or CV joint? It sounds like it happens when I turn left as well now too. The wheel bearings in Lincoln MKC are designed in such a way that they are absolutely maintenance-free. Pegasus Auto Racing Supplies in Wisconsin supplies Redline CV-2 grease for CVs and GKN tripod It’s not the 100% fault proof way to diagnose a bad wheel bearing, but it’s usually a good tell. 4 and now have a noise that increases with speed starting at ~20 mph. its a growling type of noise. Should the axle nut be replaced when a new wheel bearing or CV joint is replaced? Andrew Markel discusses when to replace the axle nut as well as the proper torque procedure when using an axle nut socket. No, CV joint grease and wheel bearing grease are not the same. A series of ball bearings run along these In front-wheel drive cars, CV joints deliver the torque to the front wheels during turns. this sounds a lot worse than my clicking did tho. Reply. Has shifted fine since. It consists of a spherical inner race, an outer race, and six ball bearings that allow for smooth rotation. Be safe and check before you drive. Other possible causes include dry CV joints (where lubrication has been lost), or other driveline issues, such as worn transmission shaft bearings or a worn Application: Often used as the inner CV joint in front-wheel-drive vehicles, Two offset sections with ball bearings: Rear-wheel/all-wheel-drive with independent suspension: Fixed CV Joint: Allows angular but not axial movement: Outer drive shaft, high-angle stability: Plunging CV Joint: The axle shaft connects the CV joint to the wheel hub, allowing power to be transmitted from the transmission to the wheels. There are two most commonly used types of CV joints: a ball-type and a tripod-type. Both races hold the bearings in place so the wheel doesn’t move in or out or up or down unless the outer race is also moving. When I turn right, I get that clicking/ticking/clunking sound in rapid succession. How Do I Know If I Have a Bad CV Joint or Wheel Bearing? Considering that both the wheel bearing and the CV joint create noise from roughly the same location when they go bad, it can sometimes be hard to figure out what is causing the noise MQ/MK Patrol CV replacement and wheel bearing re-packing. There are two main types of CV joints: the Rzeppa joint and the Tripod joint. Types of CV Joints #1 – Rzeppa CV Joint. The “Rzeppa” outer CV joint is the most common joint type. A CV joint would make a clicking rather than a whining and/or grinding noise. If you’ve never seen a CV joint, you’ll easily recognize it as a big elliptically shaped part located near the wheel hub. Ordinary chassis grease or multipurpose grease should never be used in a CV joint; the MOS2 is needed to provide a dry-film lubricant to supplant the grease. Suspension & Steering auto parts for Volvo S60 (2001-2019): CV Joints and other parts related to Axles, Bearings & Differential Free Shipping over $99! Lifetime Replacement Program; 310-626-8765; Selected Vehicle: SELECT A Wheel Bearing Grease; AWD Coupling Oil Filter; AWD Coupling Parts; Volvo S60 (2001-2019) - Axles, Bearings I have a 2000 Ford Taurus Wagon that has a wobble in the steering wheel at around 70 mph. Was told at the time we had a bad wheel bearing (not sure which). Rzeppa invented this joint in the year 1926 an consequently came up with an improved design a decade later. Detroit Axle offers an extensive lineup of Suspension & Chassis parts, Wheel Bearings, CV Axles, Rack & Pinions Assemblies, Brake Rotors, Ceramic Brake Pads, Gear Boxes, Ready Struts, Shock Absorbers, Drive Please make sure you know how to tell the difference between a lousy wheel-bearing bad CV joint before carrying out any repair on your CV joint. Mainly look at the front undercarriage, near the wheels. If the problem is a worn wheel Hi, My '96 Legacy L is being checked out by a (very good) sube mechanic. The joints can last a long time, providing the protective rubber or plastic boot that surrounds the joint remains intact and doesn’t leak. 5% - 1%. I jacked the car up and found I could rock How Do You Differentiate Between a Bad Wheel Bearing and a Bad CV Joint? Clicking or popping sounds are associated with a bad CV joint, while a grinding or growling noise that increases with vehicle speed is often indicative of a bad wheel bearing. Understanding these parts is crucial for ensuring optimal steering control and How to Diagnose Wheel Bearing or CV Joint Vibration Humming Noise we isolate the noise coming from the front end of this ram 1500 which was giving a vibratio The rubber boot also contains the grease that lubricates the CV joint. I lifted the car and shook the wheel, and compared it to the R side and both sides were equally tight. 0. 5 posts · Joined 2019 Add to quote; Only show this user #1 · Sep 16, 2019. J. Explore the essential components of auto steering systems, including the steering wheel, steering column, tie rods, rack and pinion, and power steering pump. Grease: Grease is a lubricant that is applied to the CV joint and bearings to reduce friction and prevent wear. Ignoring the maintenance of these parts could result Constant velocity (CV) joints, also commonly referred to as inboard and outboard joints, are located on both ends of the car drive shaft. A constant-velocity joint (also called a CV joint and homokinetic joint) is a mechanical coupling which allows the shafts to rotate freely (without an appreciable increase in friction or backlash) and compensates for the angle The noise could be from the wheel bearing, but it could also be from the brakes, or a bad outer constant velocity (CV) joint. Explorer, Sport Trac, Mountaineer & Aviator - wheel bearing or cv joint? - I started getting a grinding noise from the right rear wheel of my 2002 4x4 Explorer yesterday. Was wondering what cost to It's likely the wheel bearing. Apparently CV joint grease contains a lot more moly than moly grease for ball joints and wheel bearings, like 3% vs. The wheel bearings in Ford C-Max are designed in such a way that they are absolutely maintenance-free. Trunion or knuckle cap bearings it is about the Premature wheel bearing failure due to contamination. So it's difficult to make a diagnosis based on noise Hello. If the boot is torn or leaking, it should be replaced regardless of the condition of the joint. It can’t hurt to check both the wheel bearings and CV joint(s). CV joint problems. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Q: Can a bad CV joint sound like a bearing? Ans: In rare cases, this happens as a result of unevenly worn-out tires. Tags: Axles & Driveshafts, Featured. What Goes Wrong? If the cv joint leaked grease for some time, it may have reached the tire. I just replaced the brake pads and rotors (seemed to help, but shaking is back worse than ever). Once the joint wears out, it will need replacing. I would address the issue before the road trip. Fangio Auto Service offers top-notch CV boot replacement services, ensuring that CV joint grease is a high-temp high-pressure moly-based grease. Featured on Meta Stack Overflow Jobs is expanding to more countries (especially if yours is a race car or a hot street car). It is usually packed inside CV Joint or Wheel bearing?? Jump to Latest 9K views 9 replies 4 participants last post by pyromedic Sep 17, 2019. Over time, these forces will cause your CV joint to wear out. CV joint grease is designed to be thicker and more The most common symptom of worn CV joints is the clicking noise that characteristically occurs when the vehicle is driven through a short right- or left-hand turning radius under power. I reckon this is why they have the extra solid lube in. when you steer left it gets twice as loud. the most likely cause is worn/dry/damaged wheel bearings. So when a wheel bearing goes bad, you’ll notice some noise. If the parts cannot be pried apart, use a hub puller to separate them. Premature wheel bearing failure due to contamination. Related Articles - Achieving Driveshaft Balance - CVT Transmissions If a customer reports clicking or popping after an axle or wheel bearing has been replaced, it could be coming from the shoulder area of the axle where it meets the inner race of Our Cv Joint Wheel Bearing offers exceptional quality and style within the Auto Steering Systems category. You can tell the difference between bad wheel bearing, and bad CV joint when you check for play in the wheels. Grinding, vibration, rubbing sounds are all indicative, as is dependence on speed. Includes: 2x Front Wheel Hub Bearings Assemblies, 2x CV Axles, 4x Ball Joints ; Replacement for 2004-2007 Buick Rainier - [2002-2009 Chevrolet Trailblazer] - 2002-2009 GMC Envoy - [2005-2009 Saab 9-7X] - 2003-2008 Isuzu Ascender - [2002-2004 Oldsmobile Bravada] - AWD Models Only I also felt both wheel centers, thinking a bad bearing would make more heat, but both sides were equally warm, after a round of shopping. After a month or two of driving I noticed the front cv axles creaking when turning. Over time, both the bearing races and the bearing rollers can wear out. It’s connected to the wheel axle on one side and to the wheel hub If the bearing didn't come with grease, or a recommendation for grease, I'd be inclined to use high temperature wheel bearing grease. Since the cv joint rotates at high speeds the grease gets thrown onto the wheel. Audible symptoms are very common with wheel bearings though. Clean the old grease out of the boots and check the boots for cracks or tears. In most cases, a worn or faulty wheel bearing will make a roaring or growling noise, CV joint, also known as constant velocity joints, are crucial components in a vehicle’s drivetrain that allow power to be transferred from the transmission to the wheels at a constant speed while also allowing for the Outboard (wheel side) CV joints are usually the “fixed” type, also often referred to as a Rzeppa joint. We will be able to help you out with this. avalon cv joint repair wheel bearing. By Andrew Markel. 2012 RAV4 Base FWD. Rebuilt by Aamco. When the wheel bearing rotates, there is high friction. this started in my truck about a year ago and has been getting louder and louder when cruising between 20-35mph you can hear what sounds to be a bad wheel bearing. I have a Honda Ridgeline that for a few months Wheel Bearing, CV Joint, or Front Differential Noise? I just replaced the front passenger axle in a 2001 X5 4. Uneven tire wear and excessive play in the steering wheel are further symptoms of wheel bearing After a month or two of driving I noticed the front cv axles creaking when turning. On rare occasion, a CV joint will seize, which causes a wobbling sensation in the steering wheel. com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases CV JOINTS Tool And Material Checklist Screwdriver Metal Shears Breaker Bar or Torque Wrench Assorted Wrenches Wire Evaporating Spray Solvent Pusher Tool This can damage the wheel bearings, the splines in the hub, the CV joint, and/or the differential gears. 1 post · Joined 2011 Add to quote; Only show this user #1 · Oct 24, 2011 (Edited I'm pressing together a wheel bearing assembly with a new NSK 54KWH01 bearing. Also when lithium based CV grease co-mingles with petroleum based, they liquify each other & Timken® Formed Hub™ is an integrated wheel bearing assembly that can bolt directly onto corners, eliminating the need for conventional components like washers, spacers and nuts. Upgraded to large from brakes and 3rd row rear springs. That's the 'only Toyota' seal, which is probably mostly because it rarely needs to be replaced. The Rzeppa joint is the most common type and is used in front-wheel drive vehicles. 2. that stuff (CV joint grease) is usually black when new & syrupy. Especially if the mentioned cv boot is torn or damaged. I am in Hamilton. Understanding TPMS: A Necessary ASE Test Skill. While I don’t expect it would cause any major problems in a tie rod end, it is different. Some mechanics replace all 6 bolts at each CV with aerospace quality hardware. The final, and perhaps most important, recommendation is to always torque the fastener that secures the outer CV joint in the wheel hub. Well, no vibrations. Knocking Or Thumping Noise. While they are both greases, they are formulated differently to meet the specific needs of each application. CV joints last unless grease comes out or they are at the wrong angle or you hit them wrong (brother did that on a clutch install). Just sitting over the winter, things can loosen up. That usually has a clicking/clunking when turning one way more than the other. If the CV joint is noisy, it needs to be replaced. Anytime you find a damaged CV joint boot (tear, hole, loose clamp), definitely examine the joint. I do my research, talk to the dealership and end up having both front axles and rear wheel bearings replaced by the dealership under the 60k mile factory drivetrain warranty. There's a seal on the outer CV joint, which generally comes with new axles. Reassemble with quality CV grease. PeteCon PeteCon. If a CV joint fails, it rarely fails on its own. Take it back to Aamco to replace the LH bearing as wife is worried about it. Jump to Latest 5. The CV axle is placed through the bearing which rotates allowing the car wheels to turn under the power of the engine. to start clicking. i’ve still got a bit of a hum coming from the back of the car when driving so sounds like i’ve got more bearings to The N/S wheel bearing along with the CV joint. Applications: Light If the brown X is 79-on or has 1500 6 ball CV joints on each end of each driveshaft, you have some choices. You’ll easily recognize CV joints are lubricated with special high-temperature CV joint grease, similar to wheel bearing grease. Some worn wheel bearings can often be detected by rocking the My 97 Legacy Outback with 220,000 miles on it is making some not so great noises and I am not able to tell if it is wheel bearings, cv shafts or the drive shaft. The No. The rear bearings feel good. jackofallmasterofnone Discussion starter. Also the viscosity of the Sta-lube brand CV grease I have 4 Piece Drivetrain Kit Kit Includes (2) Front Outer CV Axle Assemblies (2) Front Wheel Bearing & Hub Assemblies Fitment Compatible with: 1993-98 Jeep Grand Cherokee with CV Joint Style Axles Front Compatible with: 1993 Jeep Grand Wagoneer with CV Joint Style Axles Front Product Attributes Quantity: 4 Piece Bearing Type: Ball Bearing Item Details TRQ Outboard joints. This means that power is transmitted at a The most common difference between a bad wheel bearing and a bad CV joint is the type of noise that each mechanical failure produces. Wheel Bearing, CV Joint, or Front Differential Noise? I just replaced the front passenger axle in a 2001 X5 4. The wheel hub, in turn, supports the wheel and allows it to rotate freely. So, could it be your CV joint, which may itself be in distress, or there is a part of the axle - gravel guard, weather seal, THe wheel bearing can make sounds with load on just one side but it can still be hard to tell which side that really is that makes the sound. The CV joint boot Subaru wheel bearings can be notoriously difficult to diagnosis - there is no "one test" that will confirm all Subaru wheel bearings. Examining it briefly I noticed the wheel assembly appeared to be tilted ever so slightly, bottom outward. CV joints get noisy at that mileage though as long as they are booted with proper grease they are not going to fail. Sounds like a bad wheel bearing to me. A popping or clicking noise when turning is a classic symptom of a bad outer CV joint. What you need and what you want are totally different J 1/2” Ratchet 14mm socket 21mm socket On wheel bearings you just tighten the lock nuts until it takes 10-15lbs of force to rotate the hub. Outside factors like transmission mounts and I also felt both wheel centers, thinking a bad bearing would make more heat, but both sides were equally warm, after a round of shopping. I'm Make sure you check over you car after taking out of storage. 1. Noise is still permeating through the car. It keeps the joint lubricated and prevents dust and debris from entering the joint. The modern cartridge-type wheel bearings use a lighter color thicker grease than CV joints. It’s connected to the wheel axle on one side and to the wheel hub on the other. Multi-Link Front Suspensions. They enable the shaft to transfer torque from the transmission to the wheels while allowing the driven wheels and the suspension to respond to changes in road conditions, i. CV joints are used to transmit power via a drive shaft at a constant rotational speed through variable angles. I also swapped wheels with my other taurus with no luck. However, it could be the CV as well. Tags: CV Axles. 1 cause of premature CV joint failure is usually a torn, cracked or leaking boot. I Loosened the driver's side 30mm axle nut and I feel play when I wiggle the wheel [hands at 12 and 6 o'clock] BUT there's no play when its bolted together. A worn or damaged wheel bearing is quite noisy. I made post a few days ago and someone suggested to check if I felt vibrations in the suspension as I spin the wheel. I do not hear clicking at full lock, so I think that rules out the outer CV joint. I think this referrs to a bad wheel bearing can be diagnosed if while driving you turn slightly and the noise (usually a grating sound) gets louder and when you turn the other way, the noise disappears. The design of this joint enabled the transmission of power through 6 spheres which were positioned between the If the problem involves a constant growl or hum while driving, the most likely cause is worn/dry/damaged wheel bearings. Red Line Synthetic CV-2 Grease | Designed to withstand the extreme temperatures and pressures which occur in high-performance wheel bearings and CV-joints. when you steer right the noise gets quiet and almost goes away. Usually, the noise is louder when turning one way when the weight of the car is shifted onto the bad part. The wheel is bolted to the axle hub which is attached to the end of the CV joint. Did have popping/creaking noises (LH CV joint) though for quite some time prior to the trans rebuild. It has a big rubber shell around it (it’s called a cv boot). Outboard (wheel side) CV joints are usually the “fixed” type, also often referred to as a Rzeppa joint. 8,722 17 17 bearing; grease; cv-joint. e. Wheel Bearing grease often has a Tackifier in it though. Most common causes: Bad wheel bearing, a flat spot in a tire, under-inflated tires, or improperly aligned tires. Worn wheel bearings can cause clearance problems at the CV joints are lubricated with special high-temperature CV joint grease, similar to wheel bearing grease. Published: Feb 14, 2017. The ball or roller bearings are held inside the races. It begins. This features a bearing race with slightly arced and offset longitudinal grooves. CV joints are packed with a specially formulated grease, and a rubber boot is sealed to both the CV shaft and the joint, damage can and will occur to the wheel bearing. The noise completely goes away if turning right at a certain degree and gets louder if What is the Relationship Between the Wheel Hub Assembly and the CV Joint? What is the Relationship Between the Wheel Hub Assembly and the CV Joint? In FWD and AWD vehicles, there is typically a CV joint right behind the wheel hub, and they have a symbiotic relationship. The classic symptom of a bad wheel bearing is typically a cyclic chirping, squealing or growling noise that changes in proportion to vehicle speed. The CV boot will need replacing if it cracks. bumps and potholes. An engineer by the name of Alfred H. If you hear a clicking noise coming Most times, a bad CV joint will make a clicking noise when steering the car left or right. And, 25 years later, his constant velocity (CV) joint made front-wheel-drive vehicles possible. In a front-wheel-drive car, the joint allows the driveshaft and wheel to rotate at a constant rate while the steering and suspension move. S. Improve this answer. Last thing you need is a wheel bearing going out and either seizing the wheel or allowing it to wobble. It also shakes violently when braking. Although, not a mechanic, see how I manage to replace withou Well, it had to be done sooner rather than later. The N/S wheel bearing along with Constant Velocity Joints (more commonly known as CV Joints) are becoming more commonly used in the automotive industry with the increasing use of independent suspension from vehicle manufacturers. Fast forward to November 2021. lasvojhv quggyq qegae boat ckmnrq biwcp gossaa nip gfkluam pera